1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Israel


Country  - Israel
Capital  - Jerusalem
Continent  - Asian
Population  - Approximately 8,660,000 people
Offical Language  - Hebrew

Israel is a Middle Eastern country that is situated near the eastern tip of the Mediterranean Sea. It is bordered to the north by Lebanon, to the northeast by Syria, to the east and southeast by Jordan, to the southwest by Egypt, and to the west by the Mediterranean Sea. Jerusalem is the declared capital and seat of government, albeit this status has not achieved widespread international recognition.

Israel is a small country with a rather varied landscape, including a long coastal plain, highlands in the north and center, and the Negev desert in the south. The northern terminal of the Great Rift Valley spans the entire nation from north to south along its eastern border.

The only Jewish nation in modern times is the State of Israel, and the area that is now a part of that country has a long and rich history that goes back to pre-biblical times. Before coming under the rule of the budding Islamic caliphate in the seventh century CE, the region was a part of the Roman Empire, then the Byzantine Empire. The area, known at the time as Palestine, was the subject of controversy during the Crusades, but it remained under the control of succeeding Islamic dynasties until the fall of the Ottoman Empire at the conclusion of World War I, at which point the League of Nations gave Britain a mandate over the region.

1.2 Location

The country is 290 miles (470 km) long and 85 miles (135 km) wide at its widest point, giving it a long and narrow shape. In addition to having a wide range of distinguishing physical traits and microclimates, Israel is divided into four distinct geographic regions: the Mediterranean coastal plain, the hill regions of northern and central Israel, the Great Rift Valley, and the Negev.

Despite its diminutive size, Israel contains the diverse physical features of an entire continent, from coastal plains to the semitropical Jordan Valley and the Dead Sea, the lowest place on Earth, and from forested highlands and fertile green valleys to rugged deserts. The semi-arid region makes up around half of the nation’s land area.

The geographical location of Israel can be further understood through the following figure.

1.3 Climate Condition of Israel

Israel’s climate is characterized by a lot of sunshine and a rainy season from November to April. The total annual precipitation varies from 20-30 inches (50-70 cm) in the north to approximately an inch (2.5 cm) in the far south. The regional climate varies greatly, with hot, humid summers and mild, wet winters on the coastal plain; dry, warm summers and moderately cold winters with rain and sporadic light snow in the hill regions; hot, dry summers and pleasant winters in the Jordan Valley; and semi-arid conditions with warm to hot days and cool nights in the south.

1.4 Main Cities of Israel

Since King David established Jerusalem as the capital of his kingdom around three thousand years ago, Jerusalem, the capital of Israel, has been at the center of the Jewish people’s national and spiritual life. It is the country’s largest city today. It is a flourishing, vibrant metropolis.

The country’s industrial, commercial, financial, and cultural activities are centered in Tel Aviv-Yafo, which was established in 1909 as the first Jewish city in modern times.

Since ancient times, people have known Haifa as a coastal town. It is currently a significant port on the Mediterranean and the industrial and commercial hub of northern Israel.

The greatest urban area in the south today is Be’er Sheva, which the Bible refers to as the patriarchs’ encampment. For the entire southern region, it offers administrative, economic, health, educational, and cultural services.

1.5 COVID-19 pandemic in Israel

The COVID-19 pandemic in Israel is part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Israel’s first COVID-19 case was identified on February 21, 2020, when a female citizen tested positive for COVID-19 at the Sheba Medical Center after return from quarantine on the Diamond Princess ship in Japan. On 23 February, a second former Diamond Princess passenger tested positive, and was admitted to a hospital for isolation. The total number of confirmed cases increased to 1,000 within about 30 days, with a doubling time of less than 3 days.

1.6 Lockdown status and actions taken by the government

2. EXPLORATARY DATA ANALYSIS

2.1 COVID-19 Statistics of Israel

##       date              province           country               lat       
##  Min.   :2020-01-22   Length:2652        Length:2652        Min.   :31.05  
##  1st Qu.:2020-08-29   Class :character   Class :character   1st Qu.:31.05  
##  Median :2021-04-07   Mode  :character   Mode  :character   Median :31.05  
##  Mean   :2021-04-07                                         Mean   :31.05  
##  3rd Qu.:2021-11-14                                         3rd Qu.:31.05  
##  Max.   :2022-06-23                                         Max.   :31.05  
##       long           type               cases             uid     
##  Min.   :34.85   Length:2652        Min.   :     0   Min.   :376  
##  1st Qu.:34.85   Class :character   1st Qu.:     1   1st Qu.:376  
##  Median :34.85   Mode  :character   Median :    32   Median :376  
##  Mean   :34.85                      Mean   :  2262   Mean   :376  
##  3rd Qu.:34.85                      3rd Qu.:  1144   3rd Qu.:376  
##  Max.   :34.85                      Max.   :854888   Max.   :376  
##      iso2               iso3               code3     combined_key      
##  Length:2652        Length:2652        Min.   :376   Length:2652       
##  Class :character   Class :character   1st Qu.:376   Class :character  
##  Mode  :character   Mode  :character   Median :376   Mode  :character  
##                                        Mean   :376                     
##                                        3rd Qu.:376                     
##                                        Max.   :376                     
##    population      continent_name     continent_code    
##  Min.   :8655541   Length:2652        Length:2652       
##  1st Qu.:8655541   Class :character   Class :character  
##  Median :8655541   Mode  :character   Mode  :character  
##  Mean   :8655541                                        
##  3rd Qu.:8655541                                        
##  Max.   :8655541

Israel Daily Confirmed Covid-19 Cases

We can clearly see the rise caused by the second Covid wave by which Israel was hit mid of September 2020. There is drastic rise can be seen in 2021 in the month of January, and 2021 in the month of September. When the 2022 comes to begin, in January the highest confirmed covid case rate was measured.

Israel Daily Recovered Covid-19 Cases

When the vaccination programs are being continuously executed, we can see the rise of recovered cases respectively. In 2020 in the month of October, there is a rise of recovered cases. It is approximately 7700 patients. Though the month of January in 2021 Israel managed to come with the highest number of recovered cases.

Israel Daily Death Covid-19 Cases

The truth that is readily evident in this situation is that since the threat was new, it was difficult for the country to manage and find remedies. But as they moved forward, they were able to reduce the risk in a respectable way. Israel was able to keep the death toll relatively low despite the increase in the number of confirmed cases.

Israel Total Active Covid-19 Cases

According to figure 5, the number of active cases are rise. Again, the exponential increase is observed from the middle of year 2021 onwards. Clearly, we can see that beginning of year 2022, active cases are rapidly increasing.

2.2 Local Comparison

This section explores the statistics available for confirmed, recovered, and death covid-19 cases. Here, we have compared the cases between confirmed and death as well as the cases between death and recovered. Finally, we plotted all of the confirmed, recovered, and death cases on a single graph.

Comparison between confirmed and deaths

Here, we can see that the number of deaths is significantly lower than the number of confirmed cases in Israel. It seems most of the Covid-19 patients have recovered. The reason for that seems to be vaccination programs and government actions.

Comparison between death and recovered

According to figure 7, it shows that recovered cases are higher than the death cases. It must be because of the medical treatment, medical facilities and medical officers in Israel.

Confirmed, Recovered and Death Cases in Israel

All the confirmed, recovered and death cases can interpret using one single plot. Here, we can see that after beginning of the year 2022, the daily confirmed cases are highly getting increased. Even confirmed cases are high, their death cases remain at a low level. That is because, the recovered amount has increased slightly day by day.

2.3 Comparison with other countries

This section explores the statistics available for Israel with other countries. The countries used for the comparison procedure are Jordan, Iran, Syria. These countries are used for the comparison because, all those countries are within the middle Eastern region along with Israel and furthermore are considered to be neighboring countries of Israel as well.

Confirmed Cases

From figure 9 it is evident that the number of daily confirmed cases for Israel is less than Iran but is greater than Syria from beginning of 2020 to end of 2021. Thus, according to the graph, the number of confirmed cases seem to be on the rise for all these four countries in 2022.

Recovered Cases

The daily recoveries for Israel and Jordan seem to be quite similar while the number of daily recoveries for Iran shows a significant increase during the year of 2021. Again, when comparing with the Iran, the figure of Syria seem very insignificant. However, this does not mean that the figure of Syria should be ignored. Due to the large scale spread within the Iran the figure of Syria may seem insignificant.

Death Cases

Figure 11 clearly displays an increase in the number of death cases for Iran. However, the number of death cases within Syria seems to reduce when compared to Israel and Jordan.

3. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS

3.1 Conclusions

The first human cases of COVID-19, the disease caused by the novel coronavirus causing COVID-19, subsequently named SARS-CoV-2 were first reported by officials in Wuhan City, China, in December 2019. Investigations by Chinese authorities have identified human cases with onset of symptoms in early December 2019. Later it began to spread all over the world affecting 213 countries and territories around the world and 2 international conveyances.

Israel’s first COVID-19 case was identified on February 21, 2020, when a female citizen tested positive for COVID-19 at the Sheba Medical Center after return from quarantine on the Diamond Princess ship in Japan. Later it began to spread all over the country and the total number of confirmed cases increased to 1,000 within about 30 days, with a doubling time of less than 3 days. Then Israel government took necessary actions to stop the spread of covid 19 virus.

Looking over to the actions taken by the Israel government it is evident that they were taking all the necessary actions to mitigate the situation. But several collapses and wrong decisions taken during the time when corona virus was likely to settle down lead to a drastic increase of active cases. The vaccination program has been able to mitigate the risk by a massive amount. In order to handle the vaccination program efficiently all the health sector works were given prior to native citizens. Though the plotted statistics still indicates an increasing move of active cases, Government has been successfully able to reduce the amount of death cause by Covid-19. Comparing to the other countries selected in the analysis Israel has failed to manage its daily-confirmed Covid cases rate. It might be because of the lack of support given by the people.

3.2 Discussion

Based on information from the coronavirus package, this report has been written. For the comparison part Jordan, Iran, and Syria were selected.

During the analysis process it was found that there was a negative value for recovered cases of Israel. Normally negative cases can occur when there is a change in the counting methodology or data resource, updating new cases or due to errors in the raw data. So, when considering recovered cases it was replaced with zero, so it will satisfy positivity and discrete nature of the number of counts (>0)

The active cases were calculated by taking the summation of each day with the previous one. Therefore, negative cases could occur when there is a drop in the cumulative number of cases with respect to the previous day. As the negative values replace with zero it avoids output of fraction values.

4. REFERENCES